Chipotle Satire

In the mid 2010’s cheap food, with wellbeing turns was famous. The populace was getting progressively stressed and inner voice over what they took care of themselves and their families, and this, joined with the consistently occupied, cutting edge society needing brisk dinners, gives an opening for drive-thru eateries like Taco Time, Chipotle, and Taco Del Mar to spot light their oily without burger, and now and again natural, menus.In 2010 Chipotle discharged a business called â€Å"Scarecrow† indicating an energized scarecrow seeing the savagery and extortion and of large food organizations, and afterward beginning his own natural eatery, which the crowd accepts that is Chipotle; all to the tune of â€Å"Pure Imagination† secured by Fiona Apple. Clever or Die, a notable parody site, made a parody of Chipotle’s â€Å"Scarecrow†, called â€Å"Honest Scarecrow†, which changed the verses and included different words, pictures, and sounds so as to ridicule Chipotle’s, and other restaurants’, passionate and overstated method of advertising.â€Å"Honest Scarecrow† by Funny or Die, discharged in 2013, persuades cheap food shoppers, to not let advertisements figure out where we eat, in light of the fact that promotions can be deluding and can play on feelings. Clever or Die utilizes scorn to call attention to how hyperbolic and tricking the movement is in the Chipotle business. For instance, in the first business, the enlivened scarecrow cheerfully hacks up certain peppers, and makes a Chipotle bowl for a client. The crowd discovers this charming, and starts to consider Chipotle to be a more pleasant and more advantageous institution.Anyone that is aware of Chipotle realizes they use meat, yet vegetables have a more beneficial picture to the shopper. The crowd will snicker, yet where it counts they’ll feel Chipotle, and other drive-through eateries have endeavored to mislead them. This will cause th em to feel a sort of question towards food advertisements, achieving Funny or Dies objective of making the crowd not pick their food in view of promotions. Amusing or Die likewise utilizes sounds and symbolism that are related with indoctrinating with dismay movies to convince inexpensive food shoppers who have seen the first â€Å"Scarecrow† promotion to base their choice of where to eat not just on ads.In the first business Chipotle shows the scarecrow snatching a pepper, to interface the start of the scarecrow’s solid café to their logo, additionally a pepper, in the audience’s subliminal. Entertaining or bite the dust alters the advertisement by including shrieking guitar commotions, and has the Chipotle logo streak on screen at times. The sounds and symbolism consolidate causes this to appear as though something straight out of a blood and gore film, from a scene where the TV scarily goes haywire. This makes a relatable amusingness, yet it likewise truly c alls attention to what Chipotle is really doing.Another strategy utilized by Funny or Die to convince cheap food buyers who have seen the first business to not let ad’s control where you eat, is exaggeration of the (as of now hyperbolized) enthusiastic pictures in â€Å"Scarecrow† with words and verses. In the first business, the scarecrow looks behind an advertisement for the malevolence â€Å"Crow Foods† organization, and sees a lovable and blameless little bovine, tied up to a savage draining machine, gazing toward him with un faltering doggy hound eyes. Clever or bite the dust takes this and misrepresents Chipotle’s endeavor to get compassion and trouble from the audience.The crowd, again feels like the survivor of a monster organization attempting to trick them, or even program them, and certainly wont let promotions choose where they eat. In 2013, Funny or Die discharged a video called â€Å"Honest scarecrow† ( a parody of â€Å"Scarecrowâ⠂¬  by Chipotle) to influence cheap food buyers, who have seen the first business to not let promotions figure out where we eat, in light of the fact that advertisements can be misdirecting and can play on feelings, with criticize, metaphor, sounds, words, and verses.

Facing Racism Essay Example For Students

Confronting Racism Essay High school WastelandParent/Child connections are extremely difficult to build up among people. This specific relationship is significant for the youngster from birth since it encourages the kid to have the option to get good and estimations of life that ought to be instructed by the parent(s). In the short story Teenage Wasteland, Daisy (mother) neglects to give the correct love and care that ought to be given to her youngsters. Daisy is an unfit parent that permits herself to controlled by lacking fearlessness, correspondence, and tolerance. Daisy needs fearlessness which made it harder to raise her multi year-old child Donny. There were numerous occasions where Daisy contemplated on what she can improve to help Donny in school, however as she set forth an exertion, she generally stood up to. She recalled when Amanda was conceived. Donny had acted lost and puzzled. Daisy had been aware of that obviously, yet, another infant keeps you occupied of course.(570) When Daisy saw this incident, she never halted to promise Donny that despite the fact that he had a sister, it was not going to change their relationship. Daisy ought to have consoled her child by revising the issue when it surfaced, at that point Donny ought to have comprehended. When Donny began to have issues in school, Daisy surrendered easily, and let a mentor direct her children exercises particularly when the educator examines Daisy concerning Donnys activities, Daisy answered, Oh Im sorry, Miss Evans, yet Donnys guide handles these things now (572) In school Donnys conduct changed soo definitely that he began to remain out late and Daisy just kicked back and let this occur. The mentor had plunked down such a significant number of rules!She were not permitted any inquiries whatsoever about school, nor were to talk with his teachers,Only one educator disobeyed(572) Because Daisy didnt have faith in herself or her statement, she let others control and in this way his conduct exacerbated. Correspondence is the main part of connections since it is the thing that permits the parent/youngster to turn out to be progressively acquainted with every one considerations and sentiments. However, he discloses to us he doesnt have any schoolwork or he did it all in study corridor. How are we expected to realize what to believe?(569) This model shows that Donny and Daisy are far off. Daisy ought to have investigated his schoolwork to show thought as a parent to address and ensure his work is finished, however rather she put an excess of trust in him tha t he exploited her. Tolerance is expected to help fabricate a positive relationship with each other so as to improve results. Despite the fact that Daisy is bringing up more than one kid, them two require a similar measure of consideration. Youll never think about what occurred at., Amanda would start, a Daisy would need to advise her, Not currently honey.(569) Daisy appeared just as she set exclusive standards for her kids and surrendered effectively as she endeavored to assist him with his schoolwork. She sat close to him as he worked, attempting to be empowering, listing deep down as she saw the low quality of all that he did-the messy slip-ups in math, the strange jumps in English(569) If Donny saw that his mom had persistence with him while he accomplished his school work, at that point perhaps Donny would not spare a moment or feel scared to look for help from his mom. Parent/Child connections are significant for the youngster to have in their life. In this story, the creator depicts numerous models on what sort of a parent Daisy is. A considerable lot of these models can be identified with connections today to show that many parent need something that isolates them from their friends and family that breaks the correspondence procedure. These connections ought to be comprise and positive all together for the youngster to develop with esteems that help them later on so they can assume a significant job in their life.

QA The Secret to Giving Your Salary Requirements

QA The Secret to Giving Your Salary Requirements You’ve worked really hard to look for a job that is in line with your skills and interest and when you finally get a call for an interview, you get all giddy and excited.So you take all of your graduating papers, scholarships and other educational certifications with you and prepare for some of the most common questions you could get asked like “tell us about yourself,” “how many years of experience do you have?” and “why should our company hire you?”It’s all going well until you finally get asked one question that never crossed your mind or doesn’t get thrown around often:“WHAT ARE YOUR SALARY REQUIREMENTS?” At this point, the interviewers would like to inquire about both your current and expected salary. The way to answer this depends on your level of experience and the wage rate is or was from your present or previous company respectively.You may be a tad nervous about responding especially because if you answer incorrectly or in a way that puts off your inte rviewer(s), you may lose the opportunity of getting this position.WHAT IF THE INTERVIEWERS INSIST?Sometimes companies will postpone this question for later after you’re on board and after your probation is done, but others may insist you answer before moving on with the rest of the interview process.You may get the salary question at the beginning of an interview depending on the type of company you’re going for which is what makes it a sneaky question. What you may not know is that it is a salary negotiation tactic that only looks like a gatekeeper-type interview question.If you want to know how to properly answer these questions, we’ll show you how, but first, let’s have a closer look at each of those questions and what they mean.“WHAT IS YOUR CURRENT SALARY?”This is the type of question usually asked of employees who are currently working elsewhere. It may come to you like this:What’s the least salary target we can offer you to switch companies?To some, this may b e the second time your new potential employer brought up this question and when they asked about your current salary then, they offered to pay you more.This most definitely is no coincidence and it’s not them wanting to pay you more than what you’re really worth. Let’s say that you told them your current salary was $45,000 and they offered to pay you $47,000. It does technically look like they’re “paying you more” but it’s not as you pictured it in your head.But we’re here to tell you that this is normal because the new company offered to pay you more than enough to entice you to leave your present job in order to work for them.The only upside to this deal is that you’re getting more than what you did from your current or last job, but the downside to it is that you could’ve gotten more if you hadn’t shared your current salary. You’ve got to be more strategic when it comes to salary negotiations.What is your expected salary?This is a bit tricky because it sou nds as though the interviewers wish to give you a chance to set the target for a new salary. It also sounds as if they’d like you to contribute to the job offer’s terms in hopes that you’ll consider.But let’s have a look at this question in another way just to unravel what they’re really asking you:“Can you guess the likely salary rate that we may pay someone with your skills and experience to do the job you’re applying for?”The best thing you can do is just guess because, in the end, you have no idea how much a company is willing to pay someone. That’s because the decision is dependent on a number of factors and most of which have nothing to do with your set of qualifications to perform this job.Some of those factors include:their hiring budgetthe number of positions they require in order to fill this jobHow badly they need to fill those positionsHow the company is doing in terms of profits, revenue, and growthSo when you think about it, answering the ‘salary ex pectations’ question involves just having you guess the number of factors that you can’t accurately fathom.But it might take an even worse turn from that point on.What are the chances that you’ll actually guess what they’re willing to pay someone of your skill set and experience for the position that they’re offering? It’s more of a rhetorical question because you can’t. You’d probably going to go over- or under-estimate the budget that they’re willing to offer.WHEN ANSWERING “WHAT ARE YOUR SALARY REQUIREMENTS?”It seems like a harmless enough question and it also makes sense that your employers would want to know a rough estimate of your expectations, right?Not exactly!You should be cautious when frankly stating your salary expectations way too early in the interview as it could lead to a set of problems.Problem 1: For starters, the organization isn’t exactly convinced that you’re even the right person for the job. They’re still just trying to get a good feel of the pool of prospects that are lined up for the same position. You can touch upon salary negotiations for later in the second part of your interview, but for now, it’s best to avoid naming a specific number right off the bat.Problem 2: You may be risking a move that sells you short and prevents going ahead with the rest of the interview. There may be some businesses who will offer the lowest price from the get-go, whereas others who understand the marketplace, will look to distance themselves from candidates who are too to lower their standards. It may also make them worry that you’ll lower your standards somewhere else.Also, ask yourself this, do you really want to work for a company that will offer the lowest deal possible? Or do you want to work for an organization that’s after the most qualified prospect for the job?Problem 3: If your price is too high, then it could put you out of the job seeking process before you can even get a chance to make a good impression. In fact, if you name a price that is out of their expectations, whether it is low or high, then you could lose your chance to vie for the position.Problem 4: If you give a price that’s too low, it could put you in a position where you can’t afford a job, yet at the same time, can’t turn it down either. This is true for candidates who offer low-end figures in hopes of getting a job or out of depression. This hardly ever leads to anything good.That’s why before you can even think about answering the question, we recommend that you do some research about the ideal price range for the jobs in your field and the job market. You can use the following websites to your advantage:payscale.comglassdoor.com/index.htmsalary.comThese sites will help you not only understand the market salary range for your potential position, but also the size of the company that’s interviewing you, the location as well as your experience level.Be advised that you may come across some sources with confl icting information, but least you’ll have a general sense of it as you go on.The goal is to come to an ideal salary range that is fair based on your current or recent salary and the market value. This way, you can name your price based on actual data and position it as the market range instead of going with your guts.Here are some of the price ranges for the architectural industry for instance:Source: RIBA AppointmentsHOW TO ANSWER THE “WHATS YOUR EXPECTED SALARY?” INTERVIEW QUESTION When the interviewers come to the “what are you looking for” part of the salary expectation question, consider this response:“I want to give myself an opportunity to move up in terms of both salary and compensation.”With this answer, you will show that you are willing to take up additional responsibilities so that you can be compensated as such for those contributions.HOW TO ANSWER THE “WHATS YOUR CURRENT AND EXPECTED SALARY?” INTERVIEW QUESTIONHere’s the best robust response to this kind of question:“I do not feel comfortable in sharing my current salary. I am more in favor of the amount of value that I would bring for this company, instead of how much my current company is paying me. At the moment, I do not have a target rate in mind and you already know what kind of value my skill set and experience can bring for your company. I want this to be a big leap for me in terms of both responsibility and compensation.”WHAT IF THEY ASK ME FOR MY SALARY AGAIN?The part where you avoided mentioning your salary expectation is just the first phase and that’s good.Many recruiters usually won’t bother asking such questions as it slows down the recruitment process because they wish to have this position filled just as badly as you want it.But others feel the need to ask you about your salary expectations so there’s no shaking that when it happens.But once you decline to share, some interviewers can check that off the list and move on with the rest of the interview .However, sometimes interviewers insist by saying something like:“We can’t move along without this relevant piece of information”Or“I need something to share with HR”The first thing to do is to repeat that you’re not comfortable at all in sharing that information:“As I said, I’m just not comfortable in sharing information about my current or expected salary. I would much rather focus on providing value to this company and look forward to hearing whatever you think is appropriate.”This works sometimes because employers are willing to try one last time in having you share your salary expectations. But other times, it just won’t fly because they insist on getting that information anyways.It may seem uncomfortable, but it’s all worth it.It’s good that you made it past two rounds with your employer from sharing your salary expectations. But if they didn’t give up, this can only mean that there may be a good chance that they’ll choose a candidate that is more a greeable for the job.Your current and expected salary expectations are two of three pieces of the following unique pieces of information that you have:Current salaryExpected salaryHow much you want the jobNow let’s compare this to your employer’s unique pieces of information:The salary range for the positionThe overall compensation budget they haveThe number of positions they’re trying to fill inHow long they’ve been trying to get this position filledHow much do they want to fill this positionHow much they prefer you over the other possible candidatesSo if you give them two pieces of information, you’re just down to one. Whereas the interviewers have more of other pieces of information than simply one.WHAT IF THEY STOP ASKING ME?They wontThe employer’s primary objective is to interview you because they’re in need of a qualified candidate. They also want to get a good deal from a candidate, after finding the right person for the job.If they’re pressing on with the sam e questions, it means they’re really interested in working with you, so they’re curious about getting a good deal from you.But what if they do?If they hold off the interview because you won’t share two of the three unique pieces of information with them, that means that your employers are very much looking forward to getting a bargain on your experience and skill set and are not, in fact, trying to find the right candidate for the job.That’s unfortunate for you, even if you do get the job. Because if that’s what they’re looking for instead of someone who fits the job requirements for the role, then you might as well say ‘no’.HOW TO NEGOTIATE WHAT YOURE WORTH  Congratulations! You’re getting hired! Only to be let down by the low-ball offer. But one thing to keep in mind is that it is what it is an offer. Which means that you have a chance to negotiate your way to a better deal and your interviewers are trying to test you.Your future with your potential new employer lies with how you respond to the offer. Here’s what you should do:Try to remain positive: This also applies to when the offer you’re getting is not one to be enthusiastic about. Always display a positive demeanor towards the offer and enthusiasm about being given the chance to opt for the position before you start negotiating.Make the offer you have in mind, one that is fair, backed by actual research and well-reasoned: You could provide a salary range as CBS Money suggests for a counter offer, which seems to imply that companies avoid offering the lowest range to escape from looking impolite.And when you do provide a range, please ensure that the bottom range is the one that you can work and live with. Salary ranges also give employers the indication that you’re flexible which is a trait they often want in their employees.Walk away if the offer isn’t right: This may be a hard one to do, especially in a competitive job market. But if you’re that persistent in earning you r livelihood, you may as well just hold back and wait until the right offer comes around, instead of opting for the next opportunity that comes knocking at your door.Other sources of compensation: While some companies have a limit on how much salary they can offer you for the job you seek, there are other ways to be compensated. Like if you cannot get the salary that you’re looking for, then try contributing in other ways to be rewarded, such as:Signing bonusesPerformance bonusesCompany stockAdditional vacation daysFuture pay raisesRetirement contributionsCompany stockFlexible work hoursHealth benefitsSome people can even bring in gym memberships for negotiations if you can believe that. But in the end, only you can determine your list of priorities. Don’t shy away from bringing it into talks, especially if they’re reasonable with your requests.If your interviewers are being deliberate about reiterating questions about your salary expectations, then it’s only fair that you b ecome just as deliberate about negotiating your desired price range as well.After all, those who don’t negotiate are the ones who are the most unhappiest as the chart below indicates:Source: Earnest SurveyBOTTOM LINEYou can’t be certain about the kind of “salary expectation” questions that interviewers will throw at you.And what’s important is that you shouldn’t have to live in fear about the kinds of questions that are on the low side of what you’re expecting.That’s why our strategies and suggestions are the best fail-safe chance of you making not only a killer impression on your interview, but also get a fair and reasonable price range.

The Importance Of Modern Day Policing And Quality Of...

Introduction When it comes to any effective entity, a standard is set in place. Whether it is putting the customer first, ensuring a quality of service is provided, or even if it involves making sure the person on the other end has everything resolved before leaving the store every company or profession has a hierarchy of what needs to be done to get the job to completion. The Operations of Police is no different. In this body of work, two types of changes with the police force will be examined, the various lines of communication that is present within any local law enforcement agency, the importance of modern day policing, two quality of life issues, as well as a comparison and a contrast of police reactions as they relate to school, home, and the workplace. Keywords: Police, community, people, issues, communications Standards Community Involvement and Technology When it comes to making important changes anywhere, it is important to note what works and most importantly, what does not work. In the 21st Century, many police departments have implemented changes that would benefit not just the department but also the community it serves. An example of this can be found in the Metropolitan Nashville Police Department (MNPD). According to Sergeant Vance, the department has a weekly meeting that the residents of the community can come and participate in where it is discussed the current problems in the community, what the officers are doing to combat crime and mostShow MoreRelatedFice Of Community Policing Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesOriented Policing Services of the U.S. Department of Justice describes community policing as, community policing focuses on crime and social disorder through the delivery of police services that includes aspects of traditional law enforcement, as well as prevention, pro blem-solving, community engagement, and partnerships. The community policing model balances reactive responses to calls for service with proactive problem-solving centered on the causes of crime and disorder. Community policing requiresRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1597 Words   |  7 Pagesdrastically from the times of kinship systems to today’s system of laws. 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Community oriented policing has become a mantra for police chiefs and mayors in cities big and small across the country, and has rapidly become entrenched. Community policing is a philosophy that guides police management style and operational strategies. It emphasizes establishment of police-community partnerships and a problem-solving approach that is responsive to the needs of the community. â€Å"Community Policing† represents a fundamental change in the basic role

The Misrepresentation of Hip-Hop Essay - 1584 Words

Jay-Z is known for being one for not only being one of the best rappers in hip-hop but also having a successful career in and outside of hip-hop. Recently he has been protesting some of the newer hip-hop. His songs â€Å"D.O.A† (Death Of Auto-Tune) â€Å"Run This Town† he takes a rebel approach to all of the recent fads in hip-hop. Even though, the fads were embraced by pop culture, Jay-Z saw them as stale and unprogressive. In â€Å"D.O.A.† he talks about hip-hop becoming ringtone rap and has lost its edge. â€Å"This is anti autotune/ death of the ringtone/ this ain’t for I-Tunes/ This ain’t for sing-a-longs/†¦This is practically assault with a deadly weapon/ I made this just for flexin’/ Basically I want people to feel threatened. (Blueprint 3) † Jay-Z†¦show more content†¦For the most part, rock-and-roll musicians had never particularly embraced consumerism, but many hip-hop artists weren’t afraid to make a buck any way they could—and after their poverty-stricken childhoods, material goods delighted them. Run-D.M.C., for example, just loved Adidas, and they had no problem telling the world they did in their music.(32) The percentage of rappers that softened their lyrics compared to the one who chose not to conform was the complete opposite of what it is now, because the obsession of making money grew over time. Early rap artist was more than greedy; they were trying to make money in order to move out of the ghetto. 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Poetry Analysis Jabberwocky Free Essays

Give some ex. males. Very realistic and descriptive imagery. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry Analysis Jabberwocky or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘The furious Bandleader’s† 9. Does the poem have meter? If so, what is it? NO. 10. Does your poem have a rhyme scheme? Ifs, what sit? The lilting rhythm Of â€Å"Jawbreakers† helps the narrator’s cause. It makes the p memo easy to remember, and it keeps the story moving forward at a regular clip. 1 1 . What other sound devices(alliteration, assonance, onomatopoeia) have be en included byte poet? Give examples of each. All the exclamation points in the middle are what give our storyteller his cues to gesticulate wildly at us while relaying the epic battle, and so even though the rhythm stay s constant, we have some good changes in volume. † Beware the Jawbreaker my son! † â€Å"A d burbled as it came! † 12. What figures of speech are included ( metaphor,simile, personification, why parole, metonymy, apostrophe, etc. )? Include examples and explain the effect each o en has on your understanding and appreciation of the poem. Speaking of volume, and wonderful uses onomatopoeia. Snickering! † â€Å"who piffling† â€Å"galumphing† and â€Å"chortled† 13. What is the mood Of this poem? Explain your answer. Violence, Perseverance, Men and Masculinity, Good v. Evil, and Men and the N trial World. 14. Identify words which have a connotative meaning which help to clarify the author’s tone. Explain each example. Beware the Jujube bird, and shun the furious Bandleader’s! † â€Å"He left it dead d, and with its head he went galumphing back. † 15. What is the author’s tone (his or her attitude toward the subject? He is warning and than triumphant. 16. Explain the significance of the poem’s title. To hence the fact that the poem is pure nonsense . 17. Write a paragraph in which you briefly summarize the poem. The poem begins with a description of the setting and continues into an after noon, with strange, monounsaturated milling around and making noises. Then, we have some dialogue. A father tells his son to beware of something called a â€Å"Jackbooted† hat lurks in the woods and has horrible claws and teeth. There’s also some other nasty stuff out there – the â€Å"Jujube bird† and the â€Å"Bandleader’s†. The son takes his sword and goes out looking for these creatures, and finally finds and kills the Jawbreakers. Upon r turning with the creature’s head, the father is overjoyed and they celebrate. The first s Tanta repeats, and things appear to return back to normal. 18. Based on your analysis, what do you think is the authors purpose in writing g this poem? That is, what universal truth does he/she want to share with his/ her readers (theme)? Over coming your fears. How to cite Poetry Analysis Jabberwocky, Papers

Essential Encouraging a Systematic Thinkingâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How Essential Encouraging A Systematic Thinking? Answer: Introduction Rational of the report In the process of completing our course, we were encouraged to do our evaluations on the progress of our learning, an assignment that required as having a group discussion. The objective of the group discussion was to give us a clear understanding on the impact information literacy practice has on our professional development. We decided on the use of Johari Window Model of understanding the self as the framework of choice. This paper hence demonstrates the need for a reflective practice and the value it added on our learning process within the group. This report is thus identifying a number of benefits the reflective practice had as well as the implications if the discussion to the individual learning process, an aspects that supports active reflection often lead to positive changes in the attitude of the learners as well as their behavior according to Harrison (2010, p.638). The report hence adopts the use of Gibbs Cycle model in evaluation. The importance of the reflection Personal reflection through individual or group discussion is a common learning process for education professionals as pointed out by Dye (2011 p. 222). It is a vital step when it comes to the need of understanding ourselves in all facets of the learning process. In a systematic review, Dye (2011) denotes that every learner in any professional development course is often encouraged to reflect on the impact and process of individual reflection on their professional development. On the other hand, Potter (2015) also denotes that understanding reflection through either personal or group reflection is essential for three primary reasons. It helps in re-defining our professional knowledge and understanding, essential for developing personal knowledge and self-awareness, as well as in evaluating the appropriateness of our actions in the process of learning. In other words, McGinn (2015) having a group discussion to understand our selves is essential in enhancing the quality of our professional actions while increasing our accountability, aspects that were very beneficial for us in developing professional wisdom. In his study, Granby (2016) points out that teachers are often trapped in unexamined interpretations, judgments, expectations, and assumptions when they do not engage in a critical self or group reflection in understanding self and their professional discovery. Potter (2015, p. 238) also denotes that any candidate that applies for a professional accreditation needs to be in a position to evaluate their individual and service performance. The same study denotes that having a group discussion to understand self is a recommended practice for effective professional development as an evaluative and meaningful way of professional gain. The group discussion scenario I had been in a nursing practice session in a middle grade clinic in Western Sydney and as a routine; we are often required to give a report on our experience during the practice. Every student is always expected to present a written report on their experience while maturity to effectively handle patients and ensure effective healthcare would be assessed through a group discussion and presentation before the fellow course mates as well as few chosen nursing tutors from the relevant professional department. In the group, everyone is expected to present a topic, an aspect that aimed not only to test the maturity if handing students but testing self-understanding of we the learners as well. Lucky enough, my group members were always known to be active in our class sessions and all colleagues expected we would have the best presentation. Gibbs Cycle Background information of the model According to Harrison (2010), Gibbs reflective cycle is a popular model often adopted in the professional learning process for both individual and group reflection purposes. The model is essential in encouraging a systematic thinking on the phrases of an activity or experience (Patel 2016, p. 89). The model adopts the use of questions and helps an individual think though all the phases of the activity as each question forms the step that determines the next idea as pointed out by Harrison (2010, p.638). The main aim of adopting Gibbs reflective cycle in understanding self is to help an individual to challenge their assumptions and explore different ideas or new approaches towards thinking or doing things. By identifying weaknesses and strengths and taking actions to address the challenges, Dye (2011) denotes that Gibbs reflective cycle helps in promoting self-improvement. The same study asserts that the model is essential in linking theory and practice as it combines observing or doi ng while thinking or applying knowledge. The model involves six main stages as shown in figure 1 with each stage having individual reflective questions for examination of an activity in the reflection process. These include the description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and the action plan. Figure 1: Gibbs reflective cycle (Adopted from Dye 2010, p. 218) Application of the model in the analysis Description: The description section requires a learner to explain what the process of reflection is all about. Dye (2017) denotes that the description involves the background information that is relevant to the reflection. It hence describes who was involved in the activity and their contribution in the process. After the instructions from our tutor to have group discussions to evaluate one the topic we would present effectively for the assessment, every group member was given a responsibility to do research in preparation of the occasion as the evaluation was allocated 20% of the total grade in practical assessment course. Timid, small in size and fearful as I was, many of my fellow learners often had the mentality that i was too fearful to talk bravely in front of them, as aspect that was even reflected by my group members during the group discussion. As we began our group discussion, I realized there was biasness when it comes to contribution of the discussion. Everyone would be given a chance to share on the concepts and report their research results on areas that we felt were of importance for the discussion in the understanding of self. Realizing the mood of discussion was not favorable and fair for me, I decided to ask our group leader why he would pass me every time it was my turn to participate. I became so nervous that when I was finally given the chance, I could not speak well and clearly put out my ideas. To my group members, it was a confirmation to them that I was not dimmed fit to be among the group. They only had this idea that at least it was a group work so they would do most of the work as well as the presentation in the fear that I would let them down due to poor presentation, an aspect that they only judged out of my calm nature without knowing my potential. Feelings: Here, the reflection examines the feelings and thoughts concerning the experience (Rossiter et al. 2015, p. 814). In this section I will explore the feelings I had towards that incident at the time, still it entails the thoughts that were going through my mind at the time. Well, quite a number of feelings developed in me. To begin with I feared that my worst doubts had been confirmed. I always knew that my group members did not believe in my ability to make contributions in our discussions and presentations. So with the happening of this, I had for sure confirmed it was true. I had a feeling of embarrassment too because I knew that from then on, the perception of my group members towards me would change for the worst. In the midst of all these it was still impossible to stop blaming myself. I had a strong feeling of self-attribution. I blamed myself for the fact that I had allowed myself to succumb to the fear that was within me. According to Schacter et al. (2015), self-attribution is an emotion where one feels like something is their fault and blames themselves for it. I felt like it was my fault and there was nothing I could do to change it. That caused me a lot of emotional pain. I thought to myself that it was important for me to try harder at it. According to Cooley et al. (2017), people in a group have more mind than a group of people. This emphasizes the need for every group member to participate actively by contributing their ideas and thoughts as this is vital in the learning process. At this point I felt like I had made the session turn into the latter- a group of people rather than individuals with independent minds working in a group. Still I felt bad that almost not a single member of the group had believed in me. I thought maybe that would have changed things. Maybe it would have given me the courage to speak up. Evaluation: This section of the cycle seeks to identify two things; what was good about the experience? What was bad about the experience? Well several things emerged from this incident. As an optimist I saw several positives about it. Firstly, an opportunity had just presented itself for me to learn about myself. That was a good thing. It made me become more aware of the fact that I had a serious confidence issue to deal with. Self-efficacy and self-awareness is an important tool for empowerment of individuals. According to Caldwell et al. (2016) when an individual comes to the point where they appreciate self-efficacy and awareness, they are empowered and can also empower those with whom they work (Schacter Juvonen 2015, p. 841). The feeling of self-attribution may have caused some emotional pain but it helped me to come to a point where I appreciated the bigger picture. According to Sharma et al. (2016), of self-attribution is painful but essential in mediating and moderating self-therapy. The incident made me question myself about the few times when I had been able to make some contribution in the task group albeit small. According to Schroeder et al. (2016), individuals tend to credit themselves as having more responsibility than other group members when working together in performing group tasks. This is one feature of group dynamics that is often observed in several task groups as observed by Schroeder, Caruso, and Epley (2016, p. 89). It made me realize that all the while in our group assignments I had been crediting myself for much more than I really was able to do. That was a positive thing to discover about myself. This incident also brought to the fore another vital aspect. I learnt that most trainee teachers felt inadequate in their first class presentations or lessons. So it helped me appreciate the fact that it was okay to be nervous. Gr eene et al. 2006, points out, saying that nine in every ten trainee teachers find their first teaching experience inadequate and unsatisfying. That was a positive thing that gave me a positive feeling. After talking to a colleague about my experience, I learned that most teachers find themselves tongue tied during their first lessons. There were also a number of things that were negative about the incident. None of my colleagues had believed in me. That was daunting for me. According to Sharma et al. (2016), what most students need is someone who offers to meet them at their point of need to help them improve their engagement in class work and maximize learning effects. I knew that given an opportunity, I could do better and demonstrate to my colleagues that I was just as talented as them if not better. Analysis: In this section, the paper seeks to explore this question; what sense can be made from the incident? Here I will also seek to relate the incident to theory. One thing that came out strongly in this incident is the fact that individuals are all different according to Sharma-Patel and Brown (2016). This means that even within the group membership, individuals retain their various personalities and character and it would be irrational to expect everyone to act in a similar way in the face of every circumstance. I would want to understand my group members reaction towards my perceived failure in this light. This is an understanding that should also guide the group members in their deliberations as opposed to causing a hindrance to the task completion as was the case in our group. People including researchers tend to visualize groups as having minds. Far from it Jenkins et al. (2014) posits that one only needs to employ mind-appealing perceivers to be able to study the mind of one individual minus the group members. This would be helpful in improving the level of interaction among group members. What would I have done in order to prevent the incidence from happening in the first place? How did I end up in this situation I think one of the reasons could be the group itself. What if I was not in the right group to begin with? Aggarwal et al. (2008) posits that by merely allocating students to various groups and assigning them tasks and instructing them to have interactive engagements with their colleagues, it is not guaranteed that they will their full potential will be realized. It does not promise to yield optimal learning outcomes. From this maybe we as a group needed to reconsider the group composition to from the onset. This is also a serious issue to be co nsidered by the academic instructors so they consider as they allocate students to task groups. Action Plan: According to Venkatesh (2013), the action plan section is the segment of the reflection cycle where one is supposed to answer the following questions; what can be done in order to prevent occurrence of a similar incident in the future? Which areas can be improved? What are the priority areas that need to be developed? Well for me this takes two approaches; what I can do as an individual to enhance my participatory skills and what we can do as a task group to become better group members. I think in future taking a great deal of time to study relevant information on the topic area will go a long way in boosting my confidence. Information is power, they say. According to Cornelius-White (2007) learning depends on prior knowledge. Knowledge builds upon knowledge. As such I am undertaking to conduct a thorough study of the subject content prior to discussion time so that as I contribute, I would be emboldened by the fact that I am well informed. I realized that this bit was lacking in me before. McGinn et al. (2015) also posits and emphasizes on the importance of having students carry out a thorough reading of the topic before classes. According McDougall et al. (2006) for maximum learning outcome to be realized most college professor prefer to give prior reading assignments to help build the learners capacity to follow through and understand during class time. Moving forward, group members should have a governing policy like this one. This would ensure that as we meet for our group discussions we would all be ready to share our ideas. This would be the way to go for me to become a better group participant. On the part of all of us as group members, it is important that we appreciate that collaborative learning is one of the most effective ways for learners to achieve the optimal learning outcomes especially in task groups. According to Xiaoqing et al. (2017), collaborative learning provides a platform for learners to help each other identify and work towards overcoming their weaknesses while maximizing their strengths. The differences in personality and cultural diversity should converge rather than converge on the area of focus-achieving maximum learning outcomes. This should be the driving force for group members even as we proceed with discussions. Therefore, members of the group should realize that active participation and contribution from every group member is paramount. Alden (2011) submits that in order to achieve successful performance of group tasks, the task group should employ the intellectual resources of the members collectively. Conclusion From the above analysis, it is evident that reflective practice is a common and is increasingly becoming recognized as a primary professional skill mainly for practitioners who need to analyze and evaluate their service as well as individual performance. The discussion was essential in introducing us to effective professional practice through both reflective writing and the application of Gibbs reflective model. As a learner, I came to the understanding that critical group reflection is essential when it comes to learning/understanding self. It is an essential process that should not only be adopted as a learning practice in professionalism but a way of life so that one can critically evaluate his strengths and weaknesses, an aspect that is essential for improvement in certain areas of life. Through the analysis and application of various reflection models, I also understood that both personal and group reflections are essential in evaluating and understanding why some people behave in a certain way, an aspect that is often displayed in their reactions and feelings. The reflection enabled me to evaluate and understand my strengths and weaknesses. I was hence able to justify the need of the discussion as well and have a self-evaluation of what I could do differently to ensure effectiveness in my professional performance. References Aggarwal, P., OBrien, C. L 2012, Social loafing on group projects: Structural antecedents and effect on student satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Education, 30, 255264. , Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Alden, J. 2011, Assessment of individual student performance in online team projects. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 15, 520, , Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Caldwell, C, Hayes, L 2016, 'Self-efficacy and self-awareness: moral insights to increased leader effectiveness', Journal Of Management Development, 35, 9, pp. 1163-1173, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Cooley, E, Payne, B, Cipolli, W, Cameron, C, Berger, A, Gray, K 2017, 'The paradox of group mind: 'People in a group' have more mind than 'a group of people'', Journal Of Experimental Psychology: General, 146, 5, pp. 691-699, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Cornelius-White, J, 2017, Learner-centered teacher-student relationships are effective: A meta-analysis. , Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Developing Reflective Practice: A guide for beginning teachers. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education (pp. 217-234). Dye, V. (2011) Reflection, Reflection, Reflection. Im thinking all the time, why do I need a theory or model of reflection? in McGregor, D. and Cartwright, L. (ed.) Granby, C 2016, 'How expectation of questioning method affects undergraduates' preparation for class', Journal Of Experimental Education, 65, 1, p. 43, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Harrison, P.A. Fopma-Loy, L. 2010, Reflective journal prompts: A vehicle for stimulating emotional competence in nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 49(11), 644-652. , Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1471-1842.2008.00787.x/full Mcdougall, D, Granby, C 2016, 'How expectation of questioning method affects undergraduates' preparation for class', Journal Of Experimental Education, 65, 1, p. 43, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. McGinn, N 2015, 'Getting students to read before class: Innovation in a university in Chile', Prospects (00331538), 45, 4, pp. 447-464, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. McGinn, N, Schiefelbein, E 2015, 'Getting students to read before class: Innovation in a university in Chile', Prospects (00331538), 45, 4, pp. 447-464, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Mortel, T, Bird, J 2010, 'Continuous Curriculum Review in a Bachelor of Nursing Program: Preventing Curriculum Drift and Improving Quality', Journal Of Nursing Education, 49, 10, pp. 592-595, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Moulster, G, Ames, S, Griffiths, T 2012, 'Implementation of a new framework for practice', Learning Disability Practice, 15, 7, pp. 21-26, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Patel, E 2016, 'Emotion regulation and self blame as mediators and moderators of trauma-specific treatment', Psychology Of Violence, 6, 3, pp. 400-409, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Potter, C 2015, 'Leadership development: an applied comparison of Gibbs Reflective Cycle and Scharmers Theory U', Industrial Commercial Training, 47, 6, pp. 336-342, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Rossiter, C, Power, T, Fowler, C, Jackson, D, Roche, M, Dawson, A 2017, ''Learning to become a better man': Insights from a fathering programme for incarcerated Indigenous men', Australian Journal Of Social Issues (Australian Social Policy Association), 52, 1, pp. 13-31, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Schacter, H, Juvonen, J 2015, 'The effects of school-level victimization on self-blame: Evidence for contextualized social cognitions', Developmental Psychology, 51, 6, pp. 841-847, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Schacter, H, Juvonen, J 2015, 'The effects of school-level victimization on self-blame: Evidence for contextualized social cognitions', Developmental Psychology, 51, 6, pp. 841-847, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Schroeder, J, Caruso, E, Epley, N 2016, 'Many hands make overlooked work: Over-claiming of responsibility increases with group size', Journal Of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 22, 2, pp. 238-246, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Schroeder, J, Caruso, E, Epley, N 2016, 'Many hands make overlooked work: Over-claiming of responsibility increases with group size', Journal Of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 22, 2, pp. 238-246, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017 Sharma-Patel, K, Brown, E 2016, 'Emotion regulation and self blame as mediators and moderators of trauma-specific treatment', Psychology Of Violence, 6, 3, pp. 400-409, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Sharma-Patel, K, Brown, E 2016, 'Emotion regulation and self blame as mediators and moderators of trauma-specific treatment', Psychology Of Violence, 6, 3, pp. 400-409, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017. Sharma-Patel, K, Brown, E 2016, 'Emotion regulation and self blame as mediators and moderators of trauma-specific treatment', Psychology Of Violence, 6, 3, pp. 400-409, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May 2017 Venkatesh, A 2013, 'A Study on the Revelations of Design Students' Thinking Styles in Reflective Journals', Visible Language, 47, 2, pp. 1-36, Art Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017. Williams, S, Greene, L, Satinsky, S, Neuberger, J 2016, 'Content Analysis of Conceptually Based Physical Education in Southeastern United States Universities and Colleges', Physical Educator, 73, 4, pp. 671-688, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 May 2017 Xiaoqing, G, Huawen, W, Mason, J 2017, 'Are They Thinking Differently: A Cross-Cultural Study on the Relationship of Thinking Styles and Emerging Roles in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning', Journal Of Educational Technology Society, 20, 1, pp. 13-24, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 11 May

Unforgettable Review Essay Example

Unforgettable Review Paper Essay on Unforgettable I do not know why this book chosen from a large number of others. Maybe the cover has drawn attention, or the authors name seemed familiar, or the name lured romantic Having read, I was surprised to find that it will be about the corpse and funeral business, and the word unforgettable has found a grim sense. But it does not scare the contrary, the book appealed to me more and more The beauty of style, elegant manners, arose the love between two people, serving the dead. And the idea that before all the chasm in the earth, people spend a day or three among the loved ones, covered with flowers, given in order of expert hands make-up artist, came to my taste, not so sad after the death, if it is taken by professionals. Unforgettable Miss X, the Y Mrs unforgettable, unforgettable Mr. Z you will be well on Eden Cemetery where so quiet, only the trees rustle but sometimes disturb the lovers who love to walk between sculptures and flowers comprehended all the details of the funeral business where very fine play on the love of family: the greater the love, the more money you can put in your pocket - Burying or burning burn, I think We will write a custom essay sample on Unforgettable Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Unforgettable Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Unforgettable Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I have pictures, which show the urn different styles -.. The best suit us And in the book aperture tsya secret, not without a subtle irony, which Evelyn Waugh has masterfully why the British are valuable writers We, anglichashek, special position here, says Sir Ambrose -. You know, Barlow These people, maybe. laugh at us a little about how we talk, how to dress, over our monocles maybe they think we are too prim and kept apart, but God knows, they respect us and your word to them, a guarantee of quality.. These people will not be in vain to pay, so here you will find only the color of the English nation. I sometimes feel something like ambassador Barlow. I mean responsibility, and it more or less bears here every Englishman. Of course, we can not all be right at the top, but we in senior roles. You will never meet an Englishman at the lowermost except in England, of course. And here it is understood because of the tone that we set. There are positions for which the Englishman simply will not go. And the main character, Dennis Barlow, did not wait for a decent offer, Hollywood does not favor the poets, they it is not really needed, even if they are awarded the attention she Queen, and goes to work in a funeral agency wetlands in a better world for pets. But is this agency goes though in any comparison with the rustling fuller, which is engaged in the most lush and luxurious funeral, which you can only dream - The most expensive cost sites on the Lake Island. They cost about a thousand dollars. There are Valentines Nest area, the center of which is very, very beautiful marble copy of the famous statue of Rodins The Kiss. There we have paired areas of seven hundred and fifty dollars a pair. Your Unforgettable married -?. No What did he do -? He was a writer . And then it will suit the Poets Corner. There have been a lot the most prominent figures of literature some of their own person, and some more in the order of early preparations rustling share Dennis In. meets his love a girl in a white robe with a wild-eyed, she works grimorshey and very satisfied with the work and soon she will receive a marriage proposal from the Honorable Mr. Dzhoyboya, its chief Oh, unforgettable After reading.! this book, I am still in awe and want to read something else by this author. Although for those who do not like gloomy . Attiyah and cynical humor, probably, it will not work I will answer any question to read or not to read? Evelyn Waugh? Unforgettable? I love It is strange that this book is still left without a review For Serserkov and other:. I am not a relative of the author and do not know him, he died before I was birthday, unfortunately.

Confederate General Robert Edward Lee essays

Confederate General Robert Edward Lee essays General Robert Edward Lee was a gifted Confederate general whose military prowess was probably the greatest solitary reason in keeping the Confederacy going during the four-year American civil war. His military career was great, and the most important part of it was his role in the civil war. For a year he was military consultant to the president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, and was then put in charge of the army in northern Virginia. Some of his important battles included those of Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg, Antietam, and Gettysburg. Lee was made the chief officer of all Confederate armies in early 1865 (all hope for the south was lost by this time); two months later the war was ended by his surrender at Appomattox Court House. Lee was born on January 19, 1807, in Stratford, Virginia. His father was Lighthorse Harry Lee ( a revolutionary war hero of sorts). Young Lee was schooled at West Point Military Academy. When he graduated in 1829, he was second in his class, earning him a charge as second lieutenant in the engineers. Later in the same year he married Mary Custis, who was the daughter of Martha Washingtons grandson. He had seven children, Agnes, Annie, Mary, Mildred, George Washington Custis Lee, Robert Edward Lee Jr., and William Henry Fitzhugh Lee. Continuing his military career, Lee became first lieutenant in 1836, and after that captain in 1838. He famed himself in the battles of the Mexican War and was injured in the raid of Chapultepec in 1847; he received his third brevet promotion in rank for his praiseworthy achievements . He was chosen superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy and later was selected colonel of cavalry. He was in charge of the Department of Texas in 1860. The next year, Lee was called to Washington, D.C., when war between the North and South was drawing closer. President Abraham Lincoln had decided to offer command of the Union military to him, but Lee ...

One page essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

One page - Essay Example At this point in the discussion, the representative’s tone of voice began to change from friendly and professional to impatient and irritated. The representative stated, â€Å"We are virtually the same as all other national Best Western locations†, which indicated to me that the representative had grown tired of describing the room and its features. Playing on this perceived irritation, I proceeded to ask about the different pricing for all different types of suites. I was swiftly informed that I would likely be better served by visiting the franchise website which maintained a virtual and interactive view of the room and then decide whether I wanted to make a booking online. Having not received the pricing information I had requested, the discussion ended abruptly when I agreed to visit the website. La Quinta, however, gave me a list of prices for all available room types and entertained conversation about all of the different amenities offered. This representative informed me, very politely, that there were only four rooms left and that it might be a good idea to make a final decision due to a convention occurring during my stay. Never once in the discussion did the representative of La Quinta exhibit any perceived sign of impatience, anger or unprofessionalism. Clearly, La Quinta maintained a more customer-oriented reservation system. The representative at Best Western seemed to be under the assumption that most customers were well-familiar with the Best Western brand and could not understand the depth of my questioning. La Quinta’s amenities are more pronounced than that of Best Western, offering better business traveler discounts and full-serving breakfasts unlike the more budget-conscious Best Western I had chosen. It seemed as though La Quinta understood the importance of building brand loyalty through service and had trained their representatives to be helpful, patient, and empathetic to traveler needs. The Best Western

Scientific Research and Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientific Research and Writing - Assignment Example As a result, its consumption faced the major set back in its making history. Many physicians, as well as nutritionists, warned their patients against consuming large amounts of chocolate. Recent discoveries on biologically active phenol compounds such as cocoa that are currently used in making chocolate has widely changed the perception of the society about the same. In relation to this recent breakthrough extensive and intensive research has been stimulated into looking at the effects of chocolate consumption on ageing, oxidative stress, blood pressure regulation, and in controlling atherosclerosis (Matsui, Ito, Nishimura al, 2005). This research investigates the association between chocolate consumption and the occurrence of acne among college girls from Oklahoma State University. This research seeks to establish the contributions of chocolate in the occurrence of acne among college girls from Oklahoma State University. The research also seeks to validate the hypothesis that chocolate consumption is the major cause of acne among college girls from Oklahoma State University. The null hypothesis guiding this research is that chocolate consumption is not linked to the occurrence of Acne among college girls from Oklahoma State University. 50 female students were used in this experiment. The population was picked at random and divided into five groups (again at random). Four groups will be subjected to consuming milked chocolate at the rates of 10g, 20g, 30g, and 40g respectively. The fifth group will the control group and will be subjected to 0g of chocolate consumed per day. The experiment will be done mainly during the afternoon hours when most of the students are through with their classes and are relatively willing to consume the food. The relationship between chocolate consumption and the occurrence of acne will be determined by

A Case Study Of Benetton Marketing Essay

A Case Study Of Benetton Marketing Essay Promotion techniques have developed greatly over the years, but nothing has had a greater impact on the tools, methods or ways of developing the promotion strategies than the influence of the new technologies and of new communication tools. We live in an age of speed; communication has become faster and faster especially using Internet tools like: email, online social networks, web banners, web page advertising etc. In the digital age, the organizations should take advantage more and more of the power and the edge offered by the information technology, in order to inform the present or potential clients or consumers in a better and faster way. Marketers have been using electronic tools for many years, but the Internet and other new technologies created a flood of interesting and innovative ways to provide customer value. This new way of reaching the costumers has captured the imagination of marketing scholars and practitioners (Fuciu and Gorski, 2009). In this time and age, companies must proceed with care in choosing the most appropriate methods of reaching their clients or consumers from a financial or ethical perspective. But that does not mean that they can not shock the clients / consumers or use tools and ways of communications that mostly unusual and different from the common methods of promoting products or services. One of these unusual promotion / advertising techniques is the concept of unconventional advertising. In our paper we present the concept of this tool, a brief history as well as several important advantages and disadvantages, and a case study of social marketing advertising campaigns that were developed by the Benetton group which are meant to shock. 2. THE CONCEPT OF UNCONVENTIONAL ADVERTISING The idea of advertising is along as the history of mankind. Archeological finds have dated the early types of advertising, like inscription tablets, discovered in the basin of the Mediterranean Sea. There is evidence that the Romans would paint the announcements of gladiator combats on walls or stones at the crossroads (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008, p. 635) Before we can start to discuss the concept of unconventional advertising we must underline the concept of classical advertising. Over the years this concept has greatly developed and evolved due to the usage and evolution of promotion techniques. One of the most important definitions for the classical advertising is offered by the American Marketing Association (AMA, 2012) which states that advertising is the placement of announcements and persuasive messages in time or space purchased in any of the mass media by business firms, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and individuals who seek to inform and/ or persuade members of a particular target market or audience about their products, services, organizations, or ideas. According to Philip Kotler (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008, p.1014), advertising is any type of paid presentation and non personal promotion of certain ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor. The advertising is considered to be any activity developed by an organization that has the role of preparing the general public to respond in an positive way to the organizations offer (Petrescu, 2008, p. 113). A group of authors (Balaure, 2002, p. 487) mentions that advertising is means by which the organization intents to offer the a large array of information to the public with regard to its activity, products, services brand or company by any identifiable supporter (identified buyer). Advertising (Zyman and Brott, 2008, pp. 11-12).is more than the TV commercials, it includes brand positioning, the package, choosing a certain celebrity as a product image, donations, customer relationship management, the way the organization treats its employees or even the way a secretary answers the telephone As we can see from the above mentioned definitions, it is possible to underline several common aspects of these authors like: (1) the placement of information in a persuasive manner; (2) the need to inform the clients / consumers or the general public; (3) there is always an object (product, service, event etc.) of the communication between the organizations and the market; (4) advertising is always paid by a certain individual or organization. Over the years the forms of advertising have evolved greatly. Probably the first recognized advertising forms that we can relate to were those of the 19th Century when in 1936 a French newspaper La Presse was the first daily paper that allowed to print inside its pages a paid advertising (Eskilson, 2007, p.58). Due to the development of new communication techniques since the beginning of the 20th Century like: (1) radio, in the early 20s; (2) commercial television advertising in the middle of the last century; (3) cable TV advertising in the 1960s; (4) Internet advertising since the early 90. All these forms of advertising have had a large number of variations over the years. Among these variations one is considered a bit different than the other ones: the concept of unconventional advertising. In the past years, more and more companies have allocated a bigger part of their marketing budgets for the unconventional strategies. There are several factors that have contributed to the growth of the importance of the unconventional advertising: (1) the lack of credibility and the inefficiency of traditional advertising; (2) customers reluctance to the advertising message; (3) the need to reduce the costs of promotion; (4) the need for differentiation of the products and brands; (5) consumers better understanding of marketing and selling techniques which makes them immune to commercial messages; (6) the need for a better targeting of the audience which has become more and more fragmented (Jurca, 2010, pp. 323 333). The new and innovative manners of the advertising companies and marketing specialists of gaining the attention of the clients has developed and evolved greatly in the last decades. In order to reach the clients differently then their competitors, companies have created new, inventive and unconventional tactics, strategies used for the promotion activities of products, services or events. The concept of unconventional advertising is not very different from the definition that was offered by the American Marketing Association but it is difficult to pin down because it is strictly related to the perception of the people and the frequency of use. The unconventional advertising is permanently changing that is why is virtually impossible to give a comprehensive definition of it. Nevertheless, it can be stated that unconventional advertising comprises all those unusual, non-traditional, innovative and inventive means, methods and strategies of promoting a product, service or brand (Jurca, 2010, pp. 323 333) Several important types of unconventional advertising have developed and it is important to underline certain aspects: (1) Viral marketing refer to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks to produce increases in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. Viral marketing is spreading as a popular, efficient marketing tool, as consumers increasingly pick and choose what ads they watch and when. Viral is todays electronic equivalent of old-fashioned word of mouth. Its a marketing strategy that involves creating an online message thats novel or entertaining enough to prompt consumers to pass it on to others spreading the message across the Web like a virus at no cost to the advertiser (Howard, 2005); (2) Marketing in video games corporate marketers have for decades vied to embed their respective brands in movies and television shows, some are beginning to focus on subtler efforts by embedding brands and logos in electronic games. The advergaming industry allows corporate sponsors to connect with young consumers lifestyles (Kaikati and Kaikati, 2004, pp. 6-22). (3) Bait-and-Tease Marketing to the situation where a celebrity uses or talks about a product or a brand without it appearing conspicuous (Kaikati and Kaikati, 2004, pp. 6-22); (4) Bait-and-tease marketing is the strategy of getting people interested in something that later is revealed to be something quite different (Huba, 2005, in Jurca, 2010, pp. 323 333); (5) Ambient advertising is one of the most important forms of unconventional advertising. It is an outdoor form of promotion that uses alternative and unconventional media, called ambient media (Pavel and Cătoiu, 2009) in order to transmit the message; (6) Elevator advertising is another form of unconventional advertising that has been frequently used in the past years. The walls and even the floors of the elevator units can be used to promote products, services and brands either by placing stickers, posters or even products inside the units or by running commercial movies and ads if the elevators are equipped with screen displays (Pavel, Cătoiu, 2009); (7) Aerial advertising is a form of outdoor advertising, but it is not included in the above-the-line category and in this category includes airplanes pulled banners, skywriting, and blimps (Jurca, 2010, pp. 323 333) etc. As we can see there are several important and interesting methods of developing unconventional advertising, however there are several other elements that can be mentioned and are worth studying in a future paper like: body advertising; graffiti advertising; transit advertising; affiliate marketing; bathroom advertising etc. 3. FIGURES AND TABLES As an introduction to this case study it is necessary to explain, in a few words, what represents the Benetton Group to all of us. Benetton Group was established for the first time in a small Italian town in 1955 by the Benetton family. During the years, Luciano Benetton (one of the three brothers an a sister of the family) developed the company, engaging it in the manufacturing and distribution of clothing, shoes, cosmetics and accessories. The groups principal brands include United Colors of Benetton, Sisley, PlayLife, Nordica, Prince, Rollerblade and Killer Loop. In the advertising field, the genius whos name stand for himself in the branch is Oliviero Toscani, Benetton Art Director and Photographer hired by Luciano Benetton in 1982. He is the man who developed the idea that the products must be separate from advertisement. He is well-know around the world for his unusual advertising techniques and themes. Using these images in this unconventional way is an effort by Benetton to break through the complacency that exists in our society (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). By removing these images from their familiar contexts and putting them in a new context they are more likely to be noticed and given the attention they deserve as the viewer becomes involved in the process of answering the questions: What does this image mean? Why does this image appear with a Benetton logo? How do I feel about the subject of the image? What can I do? Luciano BenettonBefore the Toscani Age, the Benetton Group used a traditional way of advertising, focused on its products and logo the Benetton word with a stylized knot of yarn above, contained within a dark green rectangle. Then, Luciano and Toscani realized that they have to stand apart from the rest of the competition and the standard practices of the advertising industry. So, they decided to use the idea of life style accessory and not a clothing brand according to Benetton. Disturbing, revolting, stunning, horrifying, shockingly graphic those are the words that define the Benetton Group advertising campaign. Its gritty, to real and so unglamorous everything fashion is not. And yet its an advertisement for a high end clothing company. All this started with the first theme of Toscani: teenagers and kids from culturally diverse nations who, dressed very colorfull in Benetton attire, were engaged in a variety of playful acts. These is the picture that created the pathway of the Benetton advertising campaign: racial harmony and world peace. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSsC4360tpwa46frL2-MMHG-vcZA1Ni7-q1QU2sFYye8UUeYQSXJQhttps://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSyQbygZHTYc4a7jUxQV1Il73zbaek3Kaoq-77_OQYUn0ejR38YXQ Fig. 1 Benetton All the colors of the World campaign 1982 1984 In a year in witch Ronald Reagan is in the White House and Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie are writing We Are The World, The Benetton Group launch United Colors of Benetton a phrase thrown into pop culture not only referencing the companys colorful clothing but also the idea that cultural diversity is good. https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSlpvCgu6ewKjLgYARfXfgChEk0P5wLxkNh2s-LtgkSiWgtjWveZA Fig. 2 All colors are equal, just as all men are equal Benetton 1985 Then, in 1988, the company started to mix the people, ideas, legends and culture. So was born the new advertisements featured Joan of Arc and Marilyn Monroe, Leonardo da Vinci and Julius Caesar or Adam and Eve. https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRmcH6UtYDV0v2wu_APlI9Yz2kr8E0cUPPUhIpp-GL4tperPNYsoA https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQBEmCoY5XczTw1HfNEKFy-JOoXZDQuwI-dHGaieR05F8PTAKCOhg Fig. 3 Mixing ideas Benetton 1985 Those mixed ideas and, most of all, the presence of black and white people in the same photo received severe criticism because many thought that was reminding the time when, bought in UK and USA, the black women breast-fed white babies in the times of slavery. Despite all the negative points of view, Benetton maintained that such photos were only symbols of brotherhood and not exploitation of the particular race. The next stept for Luciano Benetton and Oliviero Toscani was discussing other issues: social problems, war deaths, AIDS crisis, environmental disaster, political violence, war exile, etc. Unlike traditional adverts, our images usually have no copy and no product, only our logo. They do not show you a fictitious reality in which you will be irresistible if you make use of our products. They do not tell anyone to buy our clothes, they do not even imply it. All they attempt to do is promote a discussion about issues which people would normally glide over if they approached them from other channels, issues we feel should be more widely discussed. Luciano Benetton So, by switching the focus of the viewer to relevant issues of the time which they believe need attention, Benetton support a cause. Their posters and all advertising ads show aspects of life, unadulterated and uncensored. That shouldnt impact people negatively unless those people want to close themselves off from the world. And, the most important aspect of all, when people have a reaction, whether positive or negative, to an advertisement, that advertisement stays in their minds for longer. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQxufkmLOi3qRB9yD4YndGUlkoss5gOjjxqTBy2ob5ME5gFUq_Ahttps://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSCMrMFaGcKTLCdaxbe6tkIhrXqQ1TiUJG0kGKhEsqfh7t-zJ7x https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR4zZ-vZbqg8WY3FOUYbm0LexU2FMyekrwjYqfIljegrEdX10L7 https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTge6woiEToiStvqlyMeaXUILtAoTCQNXzyc-cb0uhCr3xbueB2 https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRdDjTxxo2PwL33syPaSFmvDLRrG87Np9VhFhKLH1X6LKcTzvZ9cg Fig. 4 Mixing ideas Benetton 1992 and so These advertising offended Nearly every advertisement today is in some way promoting a certain lifestyle, or seems to include the message that without the product in question, happiness is unattainable. By choosing the skinniest and prettiest models to wear the clothes that they produce, many companies lead the viewer to believe that, by wearing those clothes, they can look just like the models. But when this doesnt happen, especially the young women are affected by depress because, despite the effort and money that they pay to buy the clothes advertised, the look will never be the same. So, by switching the focus of the viewer to relevant issues of the time which they believe need attention, Benetton support a cause. Their posters and all advertising ads show aspects of life, unadulterated and uncensored. That shouldnt impact people negatively unless those people want to close themselves off from the world. Benettons policy of social responsibility 5. CONCLUSIONS By submitting your paper, you agree and accept the commitment that at least one of the co-authors will present the paper in person at the 2012 International Scientific Conference of the Romanian-German University of Sibiu conference. Accepted and presented papers will be published in the CD Conference Proceedings with ISBN, as well as in written format edited in partnership with Lambert Academic Publishing from Germany.

Psychology of lying Essay

In order for an individual to detect that a person is telling a lie, the person needs to understand the psychology of lying to know the reason behind the act. In fact, having knowledge on the psychology of lying can help you become more observant to the different signs of lying, as well as the mentality that comes with it. This is useful in order to avoid being put in a sense of doubt or under emotional stress when you are confronted with it. The psychology of lying can be a complicated concept because people lie for a different reasons, While some people lie in an attempt to avoid punishment or to avoid hurting someone else’s feelings, others lie out of impulse or because they want to present themselves as someone they are not. Lies are common. People studying the psychology of lying will soon find that telling lies does not automatically indicate any type of mental disorder. Even if there is an instance where a person tells a lie without first considering the reasoning behind it or the consequences resulting from the lie this is not considered a symptom of psychopathology. It would only be considered a symptom if the person does this often and it has negative effects on his or her life. Lying is not simple as telling the truth versus falsifying it. It is deeper than that, it is not always about distortion or nor disclosure of facts, it may well be about creating a whole new set of truths that only the liar knows of. It appears some lie for no reason at all while many lie with great reasoning, some lie for a cause, and many build a cause to lie. It is not always about the flip side of truth, sometimes, a lie stands on its own two feet: 1upon deep explanation, you will find that lying is a complex act, a complicated aspects of ones personality. 2it is more than a habit, almost a natural human trait. You can run from the truth You can hide from the truth You can deny the truth But, you cannot destroy the truth†¦ Sometimes knowing the truth may hurt even more, yet still, in the longer run, a lie causes more damage than truth. Chapter Two REVIEW THE LITERATURE Self-esteem is one of the biggest culprits in our lying ways. â€Å"We find that as soon as people feel that their self-esteem is threaten, they immediately begin to lie at higher levels.† Many lies are simply for the purpose of maintaining social contacts by avoiding insults or discords. Small lies that avoid conflict are probably the most common sort of lie†¦ and avoiding conflict is a top motivator for deception. The farther one’s true self is from their ideal self, the more likely they are to lie to boost themselves up, in others eye or their eyes†¦ or perhaps how they perceive others to perceive them. That is hard train of thought to follow, but lying is a complex phenomenon.—Robert Feldman (psychologist) A person’s first instinct is to serve his or her own self-interest. People are more likely to lie when they can justify such lies to themselves. When under time pressure, having to make decision that could yield financial reword would make people more likely to lie and when people are not under time pressure, they are unlikely to lie there is no opportunity to rationalize their behavior. – Shaul Shalvi (psychological scientists, university of Amsterdam) & Ori Eldar and Yoella Bereby-Meyer (university of the Negev Investigated)[TITLE: what factors influence dishonest behavior] To lie is to state something that one knows to be false or that one has not reasonably ascertained to be true with the intention that it be taken for the truth by oneself or someone else, then a lie is a lie big or small but since lie usually has consequences, people always want to differentiate between some of them. What the people (or court system) are actually trying to do is to weigh the effects of a lie by a liar on its victims the conceptions and outcomes of lying can be many but when a person finally make a choice to speak, write or present something knowingly to be false, that single piece there is a lie unless the liar is insane or incapable to understand what she or he is doing. – Stephanie Ericcson [TITLE: The way we lie] â€Å"Trustworthiness is a highly esteemed commodity, when one has it, one is considered valuable. When one has lost it, one may be considered worthless.† A lie is a false statement to a person or group made by another person who knows it is not the whole truth, intentionally. Lying is when a person doesn’t tell the truth. There are many reasons a person may tell a lie. Usually people lie to get themselves out of trouble. Some people actually have a disorder that makes them lie without realizing they are doing so. it is one of the most common wrong acts that we carry out. It’s an avoidable part of human nature so its worth spending time thinking about it. Most of people would say that lying is always wrong, except when there’s a good reason for it—which means that it’s not always wrong. Lying is giving some information while believing it to be untrue, intending to deceive by doing so.— People have reasons for not telling the truth. Whether it’s to not hurt someone’s feelings, or to not let a parent find something out, or to even make life’s harsh reality more bearable. There are dozens of reasons that someone out there thinks is a reason to not tell the truth. Even as I write this, I still wonder. Are the people that justify their reasons for not telling the truth actually hurting themselves? The oddest thing happens if you are constantly not telling the truth. Somewhere in there, you start to forget what truth is. If someone is constantly lying to everyone around them, how in the world can they go on telling the truth to themselves. Usually people don’t even know that they are doing it. After awhile, the  alter reality takes over and you won’t be able to tell the difference between a lie and the truth. So, in essence, you could say that one of the realities of not telling the truth is that you lose yourself, literally, but you may not even notice it. You would think that this phenomena would be something that would take a lot of big choices–large decisions to arrive at a point where you didn’t recognize the truth. Actually, it’s the opposite. It takes just one tiny step at a time to lose yourself somewhere in non-truths. —unknown( What Kinds of Reasons Are There for Not Telling the Truth?Is it Okay Not to Tell the Truth? ) Chapter Three RESEARCH PROBLEM To determine the causes of telling a lie, the consequences it takes, the types of lies they told, and the different kinds of liars that there is. Chapter four Design the Study a) Research design In order for an individual to detect that a person is telling a lie, the person needs to understand the psychology of lying to know the reason behind the act. In fact, having knowledge on the psychology of lying can help you become more observant to the different signs of lying, as well as the mentality that comes with it. This is useful in order to avoid being put in a sense of doubt or under emotional stress when you are confronted with it. Everybody lies, it may only be white lies but everyone tell lies or omits the truths sometimes we start lying at around age of four (4) or five () when children gain an awareness of the use and power of language. This first  lying is not malicious but rather to find out or test what can manipulated in a child’s environment. Eventually children begin to use lying to get out of trouble or get something they want. The person who seems to feel compelled to lie about both small and large stuff has a problem. We often call these folks pathological liars they lied to protect themselves, look good financially or socially to avoid punishment. Quite often the person who has been deceived knows that this type of liars has a certain extent deluded him or herself and is therefore to be someone pitied. A much more troubling group is those who lie a lot and knowingly for personal gain. These people may have a diagnosis called anti social personality disorder, also known as being a sociopath and often get into scrapes with the law. Lying often get worse with the passage of time when you get away with a lie it often impels you to continue your deceptions. Also liars often find themselves perpetrating more untruths to cover themselves. We hold different people to different standards when it comes to telling the truth we expect. For example, less honesty from politician than from scientists, we have a vision of purity about those who are doing research, while we imagine that politicians will at least shade the truth about themselves in order to get elected. There are many reasons why does a person tell a lie, but here are the major causes of why people choose to tell a lie: 1Fear, One of the reasons why a person tells a lie is because of the fear of possible consequences involved when telling the truth. This psychology of lying is quite prevalent in younger generations when they are hiding something sensitive from their friends and family members — opting to tell a lie rather than being punished for telling the truth. It is a sign of escape of possible punishment that comes with the act of telling the truth. 2Self-Image, improving their own image in the eyes of their friends and families is one of the reasons why people tell a lie. In order to uplift their social on par with others, a person would often create stories, usually on the spot, to make sure that the other party is kicked out of the limelight. This  psychology of lying is just a temporary rise on the social ladder, and will often be replaced with embarrassment when the truth comes out. 3Harming Others, Another purpose is to attack other people, indirectly, by telling a lie about them. In fact, this is often seen felt by prominent individuals in the society. In order to lower the status or career of this individual, a person will often create a lie that will put others into a state of doubt regarding their own beliefs and truths. To summarize, people may lie due to the fear of the consequences when they tell the truth, to boost their self-image inappropriately, or to deliberately harm others. Using the psychology of lying, you’ll be able to handle circumstances when people are not telling the truth. Lies might have been part of human life since language appeared. Although they are something people frown upon, they are not all vicious. According to the purpose to tell lies, they can be divided into three types: â€Å"the types of lies people tell†, Beneficial Lies. Usually means to help. They are told out of kindness and people benefit from them. They help avoid hurt, sadness, insult, and impersonality. For example, a peasant lied to the Nazi Army that no Jews were hiding in his place; parents lie to the children that their beloved grandpa is living happily in the heaven. These do cheat the listeners, but the liars ought to be praised instead of being criticized. Spiteful Lies. Mean to gain benefit and hurt people. They may come in the form of deceit or rumors. For example, lawyers lie on the court to help his criminal client to win the lawsuit; sellers lie to their customers to talk them into buying the fake and shoddy products. These liars just benefit from the lies and get reputation, profit or toleration. In comparison, rumors are more vicious. Liars make them to revenge or to pull their rivalries down. These happen a lot in politics, business, and entertainment world. A politician and his party make rumors that the rivalry involved in sexual scandals or corruptions; an enterprise tell the media that their competitors use forbidden additive to their products; a famous star expose to public that another star has a bastard raised somewhere. These lies are mean and should be condemned. Neutral Lies. Are meant nothing and much more simpler. When asked about private things, people may avoid answering the truth by telling a lie. This does no harm to both sides and is a protection to  privacy. White Lies. Is often called the least serious of all lies. People tell white lies claiming to be tactful or polite. It can create distance between you and others, and destroys your credibility. If there are lies are not mean to harm others, there are also lies that mean to hurt others and these are: 1Fabrication. Is telling others something you don’t know for sure is true. It is extremely hurtful because they lead rumors that can damage someone else’s reputation. Spreading rumors not only a lie but is also stealing another’s reputation. 2Bold-faced Lie. Telling something that everyone knows it’s a lie. Simple and sometimes cute for a little child to tell a bold-faced lie about not eating any cookies, even though there’s chocolate all over his face. As we get older, we try to be more clever with our cover-ups, some people never grow up and deal with their bold-faced lying even though others know what they’re saying is completely false. When people hear a bold-faced lie they are resentful that the liar would be so belittling of their time and intelligence. 3Exaggeration. Is enhancing a truth by adding lies to it. The person who exaggerates usually mixes truths and untruths to make themselves look impressive to others, an exaggerator can weave truth and lies together causing confusion even to the liar. After a while, the exaggerator begins to believe his or her exaggeration. 4Deception. Tries to create an impression that causes others to be misled by not telling all the facts or creating a false impression. It is a dangerous one because the liar intends to harm or disadvantage the victim for their own benefit. 6Plagiarism. Is both lying and stealing. It consists of copying someone else work and calling it your own. It is a very serious act, some college and graduate students have even been kicked out of school because of it. Lying is bad because it treats those who are lied to as a means to achieve the liar’s purpose, rather than as a valuable end in themselves. Many people think that it is wrong to treat people as means not ends. it makes it difficult for the person being lied to make a free and informed decision about the matter concerned. Lies lead people to base their decisions on false information. it cannot sensibly be made into a universal principle. Many people think that something should only be accepted as an ethical rule  if it can be applied in every case, it’s a basic moral wrong. Some things are fundamentally bad—lying is one of them. it’s something that good people don’t do. Good behavior displays the virtues found in good people. it corrupts the liar. Telling lies may become a habit and if a person regularly indulges in one form of wrong-doing they may well become more comfortable with wrong-doing in general. Some religious people argue lying is bad because it misuses the God-given gift of human communications. God gave humanity speech so that they could accurately share they’re thought—lying does the opposite. To make it short, lying is bad because language is essential to human societies and carries the obligation to use it truthfully. Some people are so expert at deception that it often takes a long time to find out that we have been lied to, the following are the example of different liars that we encounter in our everyday life: The Occasional Liar. These people seldom lie. But when they do they are blown away by their actions and feel guilty for what they have done. These types of people are the ones who are quick to seek forgiveness from the person their lied to. The occasional liar is not perfect but is usually respected for his/her strong attempt at being a truthful person and humble enough to admit their mistakes. Frequent Liars. The frequent liar goes about his/her life lying every which way. This person is not concerned about covering his tracts, or making sure his lie make sense. Everybody knows this person is lying because he is sloppy with his lies. This person has very few friends, because people get sick of his obviously twisted stories. The Smooth Liars. The smooth liar is just what their description sound like—this person has become very smooth and skilled at telling lies. There are those that say they can pick out a liar every time, but that’s not necessarily so when it comes to the smooth liars. This liars is so good with words and body language people tend to believe him even when they know he has a reputation of being a liar. Yet, all the time, the smooth liar knows he’s lying. These people are fun to be around, and very entertaining, but after being found out, the smooth liar tends to move on to others to whom he can apply his dark talents. The Compulsive Liar. This person lies when they don’t have to, even if telling the truth makes more sense than the lies they tell. These  people have an addiction to lying, and they simply cannot stop. They are out of control. They spend hours studying situations to come up with more lies that will allow them to maintain all their previous lies. These people are totally untrustworthy and end up unable to keep friends. A compulsive liars ends up lonely, sad person who tragically lies the most to their own self. The Pathological Liar. A pathological liars is a liars who believes the lies he/she is telling, he/she manages to convince him/herself they are true, in comparison to a compulsive liar who will lie for any reason, and knows they are lies but apparently can’t stop him/herself from dong so. There is no proof way to detect weather we are being misled or not but there are often clues you can see in behavior that should make you suspicious. Avoidance of Eye Contact. Usually someone makes eye contact at least half the time they are talking to you. If you notice them avoiding eye contact or looking down during a specific part of a conversation, they may well be lying. Change of Voice. A variation in pitch of voice or rate of speech can be a sign of lying so can lots of ummms and ahhhs†¦ Body Language. Turning your body away, covering your face or mouth, a lot of fidgeting of hands or legs can indicate deception. Contradicting Yourself. Making statements that just don’t hold together should make you suspicious. Lies obviously hurt the person who is lied to (most of the time), but they can also hurt the liar, and society in general. The person who is lied to suffers if they don’t find out because: (a) They are deprived of some control over their future because they can no longer make an informed choice about the issue concerned, (b) They are not fully informed about their possible courses of action, (c) They may make a decision that they would not otherwise have made, (d) They may suffer damages as a result of lie, (e) They doubt their own ability to assess truth and make decisions, (f) They feel badly treated—deceived and manipulated, and regarded as a person who doesn’t deserve the truth, (g) They become untrusting and uncertain and this too damages their ability to make free and informed choices and last and more worst, (h) They may seek revenge. The liar is also hurt because: (a) He has to remember the lies he’s told, (b) He must act in conformity with the lies, (c) He may have to tell more lies to avoid being found out, (d) He has to be wary of those he’s lied to, (e) His long-term credibility is at risk, (f) He will probably suffer harm if he’s found out, if he’s found out, people are more likely to lie to him, he’s less likely to believed in future, (g) His own view of integrity is damaged, (h) He may find it easier to lie again or to do other wrong. Those who tell â€Å"good lies† don’t generally suffer these consequences—although they may do so on some occasions. Society can also be hurt because: (a) The general level of truthfulness falls—other people may be encouraged to lie, (b) Lying may become a generally accepted practice in some quarters, (c) It becomes harder for people to trust each other or the institution of society, (d) Social cohesion is weakened, (e)Eventually no one is able to believe anyone else and society collapses. In some culture, lying is part of everyday life for most people (like in japan) and people are used to it and don’t expect to be told the truth (esp. about opinions and feelings) all the time. In other cultures (e.g. France), even a white lie is objectionable, as the truth is more important than â€Å"flattering† or avoiding shocking people. Some lies lead to someone’s death, the best example of this was the movie about â€Å"I know what you did last summer† it is the story of four friends who are being attacked by a killer, one year after covering up a car accidents in which they were involved. Most of the people choose to believe in lies because believing in lies make less thinking and sheep hate to think. They like others to think for them and lie is sweet and truth is bitter. Sometimes the truth strings and some people cant handle it so they choose to believe the lies that been told to them. Lying takes many forms, whether it is mere exaggeration or blatant untruths. It is the severity of the lies, the frequency of the lies and the reasoning behind the lies that points to a psychological problem. The capacity to lie is noted early and nearly universally in human development. Social psychology and developmental psychology are concerned with the theory of mind, which people employ to simulate another’s reaction to their story and determine if a lie will be believable. The most commonly cited milestone, what is known as Machiavellian intelligence, is at the age of about four and a half years, when children begin to be able to lie convincingly. Before this, they seem simply unable to comprehend why others don’t see the same view of events that they do — and seem to assume that there is only one point of view, which is their own. Those with Parkinson’s disease show difficulties in deceiving others, difficulties that link to prefrontal hypometabolism. This suggests a link between the capacity for dishonesty and integrity of prefrontal functioning. Pseudologia fantastica is a term applied by psychiatrists to the behaviour of habitual or compulsive lying. Mythomania is the condition where there is an excessive or abnormal propensity for lying and exaggerating. Young children learn from experience that stating an untruth can avoid punishment for misdeeds, before they develop the theory of mind necessary to understand why it works. In this stage of development, children will sometimes tell outrageous and unbelievable lies, because they lack the conceptual framework to judge whether a statement is believable, or even to understand the concept of believability When children first learn how lying works, they lack the moral understanding of when to refrain from doing it. It takes years of watching people tell lies, and the results of these lies, to develop a proper understanding. Propensity to lie varies greatly between children, some doing so habitually and others being habitually honest. Habits in this regard are likely to change in early adulthood. Lying takes longer than telling the truth. Or, â€Å"It does not require many words to speak the truth.† Researchers find that college students lie to their mothers in one out of two conversations. We’re not talking little white lies, here. We are talking about actually misleading someone, deliberately conveying a false impression. If your niece is very young and she lies, it may be a sign that she needs more attention from her parents or caregivers. Kids may resort to  lying when a new sibling is born or when parents seem distracted by their own problems. It could also be a signal that something is going on in school that needs remedying. It’s wise for a parent to ask a child what’s going on. It could be as simple a conversation as: â€Å"Tell me about some things that happen in your day that you like,† followed by, â€Å"Now tell me about things that happen to you that you don’t like.† That’s generally a good way for adults to get helpful information without making the child feel ashamed about her lying. If your niece is older and concocts fabulous stories, perhaps her work and other aspects of her life need to be more challenging. It may be that she feels overly constrained by rules and regulations or a situation that deprives her of stimulation and experience. Most people who lie are not entirely comfortable doing so. The conversations in which they lied were not as pleasant or intimate as truthful encounters. But the mental distress felt from being untruthful doesn’t last long†¦ b) Operationalized the Variables Lying & Deception –no, no, what I mean is†¦ the art of mendacity†¦ Lying. Tell a lie? Nah, you’d never do that–would you? Recent research on lying is showing that up to 60% of people lie, males doing so more than females by two to three times. People lie an average of 25 times a day, mostly to dodge trouble, make themselves look good, or to avoid discomfort to others. By about age 2.5-3 about 70% of children are capable of lying, and some can do it well. At age four, they will peek when told not to do so. Young children will lie about actions, but not about how they feel. By age 10 they are more sophisticated because they can pretend. As they get older, cheating becomes more common. In a self-test experiment in which they were asked to take a test but not look at the answers on the back of the page, 40% routinely cheated (60% if there was a reward for performance). 100% of those who cheated lied about doing so. In experiments at the University of Massachusetts, students were encouraged to introduced themselves to others. Over 60% lied about themselves (3 times every 10 minutes!), made up fictitious information to make themselves look better, yet there was no  benefit to the lie. Regarding detection of lying: FBI agents and judges actually no better than others at detecting a lie. Robert Feldman at the University of Massachusetts reports that most people aren’t aware of how often they mask the truth. His research shows that people â€Å"shade the truth† 1-6 times per hour in interactions. Gender differences show that women more often lie to protect others, while men lie to promote themselves (The truth about lying, 2001). c) Set up observation d) Write questionnaire What is lying? Why lying is wrong? What are the difference between a compulsive liar and pathological liar? What is hypometabolism, Pseudologia fantastica, and Mythomania? Why does people usually lie?  Is plagiarism can be considered a minor lies?  Why do most of the time people believed in a lie, Even they know that it is a lie? What should a parent do to encourage his/her children to tell the truth instead of lying? Is lying can be considered as a crime or an offence? What are the effects or consequences of telling a lie? And how to tell truth despite the consequences? Chapter Five The truth about lying (understanding the psychology of lying) Some people are so expert at deception that it often takes a long time to find out that we have been lied to. If you lie all the time even about unimportant things you are likely to have a problem that will eventually cause you real relationship, financial or legal troubles. Figuring out what is driving you to lie in the first place will help you heal this self-destructive behavior. This may mean going into treatment with a therapist to discover why you feel the need to deceive. Most of the people choose to believed in a lie because some lies are hard to take and just like what they say what you don’t know wont hurt you, some cannot handle the truth so they choose to believe what others say even though they know it themselves that it is not true. We hate liar or dislike liar because it’s a matter of trust, when person lies they have broken a bond—unspoken agreement to treat other as we would like to be treated serious deception often makes it impossible for us to trust another person again. Because the issue of truth is on the line, coming clean about the lies as soon as possible is the best way to mend fences. If the truth only comes out once it is forced, repair of trust is far less likely. For example, as a parent, the most important message you can send your children about lying is that you always want them to come clean with you no matter how big a whopper they have told, remind them that you would always rather hear the truth, no matter how bad it is than be deceive. There are many kinds of lies. Lying in court after taking an oath is called â€Å"perjury† and is usually treated as a crime or offence. At the other extremity, there are â€Å"white lies†, which give good feelings to another person (e.g. telling your friend that you like their new jacket, when in fact you hate it) Logically, white lies can be good because they avoid creating unnecessary trouble and make people happy. But on the other hand, when people find out about a lie (even a white lie), they may be even more hurt than if they were told the truth at first in a tactful way. Lies that create a serious trouble and can even lead to some people’s death or serious injuries, damages or lead to paranoia or depression. Imagine someone who is in love and the loved person tell him/her that they also love her/him, but after some time, when the first person is already deeply committed emotionally, they find out that their loved one really doesn’t care at all about them and he/she commit suicide. Or what a person selling his/her car and telling the buyer that everything is fine, when in fact he knows that the breaks are dysfunctional, and the buyer dies in an accident because of that? What about someone lying to their partner about their faithfulness and transmitting them a fatal STD by abusing their trust these lies are simple and pretty common examples of lies that can have tragic consequences. That is why lying can be considered as crime, even a white lie (like the first and last example in the above paragraph). What differentiate of crime from an offense, is that a crime harms people or create physical or psychological damages. An offense (like speeding, drunk, driving, etc.) means not respecting a law or rule, without causing any harm or damage to anybody else (if a person drives under the influence of alcohol and commits an accident, it becomes a crime) The problem with lies (esp. white lies) is that the harm is not direct and does not always happen afterwards (e.g. if the person doesn’t find out and nothing bad happens). But as it depends somewhat on the motivation of chance of the person who is lied to, to find out the truth, lying is always a potential crime (people can always find out if they try or just by chance). That is why any lies can considered as a crime, even if the harm has not yet been done, because it can still happen in the future. Of course, lying about how much you like your friends new clothes is a benign crime. Lying is very much like stealing in that it can be graded, from benign to extremely serious, stealing a blank sheet of paper from your company is not even punishable but stealing a Leonardo da Vinci in a Museum is quite another matter. Lying is the same, a small lie with little consequence is a pardonable crime, but it’s still a crime, like stealing. Lying causes anxiety, depression and physical illness. You constantly worry your lies will be revealed. Keeping your stories straight requires a lot of work. After you lie to someone, you may not like being around that person. Lies ruin friendship, work relationship and marriages. If someone catches you lying, he or she wont easily believes you again. Your status in that person’s eyes drops to zero. You lie because you are afraid of what might happen, if you tell the truth. You afraid you can’t handle the consequences, but then the lies become a problem and you suffer worse consequences. So instead of worrying about the consequences as your first priority. Tell the truth as your first priority and then deal with the consequences. There are some benefits that a person can get from telling a truth, (a) Because you tell the truth, you don’t have to remember what you said to whom. You wont accidentally contradict yourself, (b) You earn the reputation as an honest person, if you are a manager, your staff members tell each other, â€Å"our boss might be more honest about your work than you sometimes want to hear, but it’s better to know the truth †, (c) People follow your example and are more truthful to you, (d) Your stress level drops. You sleep better, eat better and look better, (e) You can look at yourself in the mirror. Lying causes self-criticism and depression. Honesty causes self-confidence and pride, (f) You’re more persuasive, To be persuasive, you need to be believable. To be believable, you must be truthful, (g) Most of all, you are trustworthy. When people can trust you, you earn their support. You need people’s support to reach your goals. In general, lying is not considered a good habit. But it is always depends on the situation and purpose of lying. If it is meant for achieving some superior objectives with some universal interest like universal peace or universal happiness, one can lie, But it is not suggested for anyone to tell a lie. A lie has three essential features: A lie communicates some information. The liar intends to deceive or mislead. The liar believes that what they are saying is not true. A lie doesn’t have to give false information. A lie doesn’t have to be told with a bad(malicious) intentions. Lying is bad because a generally truthful word is a good thing. Lying diminishes trust between human beings: if people generally didn’t tell the truth, life would become very difficult, as nobody could be trusted and nothing you heard or read could be trusted—you would have to find everything out for yourself. An untrusting world is also bad for liars—lying isn’t much use if everyone is doing it. Types of Liars A â€Å"Natural Liars† is someone who does have a conscience but is confident of their ability to deceive, and has been doing so since childhood. Often they learned to lie to their parents to avoid terrible punishments that would be handed out if they told the truth. Many natural liars capitalize on this ability as adults by becoming trial lawyers, salespeople, negotiators, actors, politicians and spies. An â€Å"Unnatural Liar† is a person who, as a child was convinced by his parents it was impossible for him to lie and that the parent and others would always detect it, These poor saps go through life telling everyone, insisting â€Å"I can never tell a lie† and causing anger and trouble among everyone they meet. Chapter Six Analyze the Data Lying is a skill that requires intelligence, intuition, emotional intelligence, quick-wittedness, and knowledge of what makes a lie generally believable or generally not believable. You can’t tell a lie if you start out looking untrustworthy. When you’re deceiving people you care about in a  way that would harm them, lying can be fatal. Lying has its share of problems, especially in the compulsive or pathological sense, but people also couldn’t exist entirely without it. Bad thing about lying is that it can affect your psychological well being if you lie most of the time. It can create a conflict between your super-ego (conscience) and ego (the reality principle). It creates tension, which makes you feel unpleasant. And in the end, you might have disorders or behavior problem due to constant lying, and lying will not solve any problem Lying is often a useful skill to have in the short-term. The problem is when you’re revealed to have a reputation for lying, and thus everyone will be less willing to help you with anything. Most of the time, people will believe anything, as long as it’s a logical, at least in their minds. But if you lie to absolutely everyone, someone’s going to call you on it, and everyone else you’ve ever spoken to is going to know about it. It can be disastrous for your reputation, including occupationally. Over a long-term, it is not so useful, and can get you in trouble in all areas of life. It should be used only when appropriate; as in, when you can get away with it without needing to think too hard about the lie itself. In situations where you have to defend your lie, it becomes more difficult, as well as risky. Lies doesn’t only hurt the one who’s been lied to but also the society and the liar itself. Lie have a different reasons, its either to hide something or are afraid to the consequences it would create. There are lies that comes even if it didn’t intended to. But there are also others who would lie to hurt others, these kinds of lying is not good to exercise and may consider as a crime. Avoidance of the eye contact can be considered as one of the proof that a person is lying. People who have psychological problems that result in perpetual lying can seek treatment with a competent behavior professional. Treatment may include  counseling, behavior modification or contracts between the patient and therapist that include negative consequences for lying and positive reinforcements when the patient consistently tells the truth. If you have trouble with a compulsion to lie despite efforts to stop, consider seeking out professional assistance from a specialist who has experience in helping people who cannot seem to stop lying. Lying is well researched in the field of psychology, and for this reason there is hope for people who have a problem with compulsively telling a lies for whatever reasons Chapter Seven Conclusion There are different reason why we lie, its either we didn’t have a choice because of the situation or because we cant face the consequences if we tell the truth. For example, if a person was saw the crime scene and he/she’s the only witness and the investigation found out that he/she was on the crime scene and they would interrogate him/her that person would choose to lie to be able to save her life and he/she was afraid that if he/she would tell the truth the criminals would chase him/her and eventually kill her/him. Sometimes we lie not because we are afraid at the consequences we would face if we tell the truth, sometime we didn’t lie for others, most of the time we lie to ourselves, we choose to tell a lie to others so they would not pity to us, sometimes we tell to them that we are happy even if we don’t really, sometimes we tell to them that we are ok and we will be ok even though we knew to ourselves that we’re not. We choose to lie to them because we love them, we don’t want them to worry for us anymore, telling a lie doesn’t always means we want to harm others, its not simple to tell a lie because you’re not only making that person believe you but you want to believe yourself that it is ok, sometimes lying is our only way to scape those scenario that we cant handle, it is our self-defense for us not to be hurt from those person who hurt us badly. Even there are different reason why we lie it is still consider as a sin and should not be exercise, we should always tell the truth and face the consequences it would take.